Females genitalia of Meters. fasciculata and you may methods to possess mating connect coupling. (A) Virgin ladies genitalia from inside the frontal take a look at. (B) Male genitalia out of pre-copula male, dealing with the female genitalia. (C–E) Vaginal capsule, metasomal sterna S-VIII and you will S-IX. (F) Men genitalia creating the new coupling of your connect: ventral look at vaginal pill and you may metasomal sternum S-IX projecting out from the human body of your male by the good telescopic path. (G) Male vaginal tablet detached regarding male’s muscles, which have cock regulators caused, gonostyli up against the alternative reputation in terms of the initial. (H) Metasomal sterna S-VIII and you can S-IX, in which sternum S-IX takes on their totally new condition inside male’s instinct. (I) Mating connect in detail, showing the new horizontal compressing out of gonocoxites. (J) The new vaginal chamber away from good plugged women: the new membranous region with the mating plug connected.

Regarding low-Melipona kinds (F

longipes, S. aff. Postica, and P. minima), we noticed robust cock valves which have mediator curve and you can a diminished spatha ( Figure step one)paring the general morphology of manhood regulators and spatha off Yards. fasciculata to another studied variety, i discovered that each other Yards. flavolineata and you may Yards. seminigra features slim knob regulators which have reduced curve. not, M. seminigra has faster regulators than M. flavolineata, and you may a well-established spatha when compared with additional Melipona ( Figure 1).

Breakdown off hypothesized plugging strategies

The very last standing out-of mating plugs in to the mated lady matched up this new condition of the male’s abdomen during copulation due to “J” way and position less than female’s instinct ( Contour 4C). In all physogastric queens out-of Yards. fasciculata, i observed the latest mating plug attached to the membranous vaginal pouches because of the manhood regulators, into spatha skin mainly based for the the female ventral piece, placed under brand new gonopore ( Contour 3J). We propose that the brand new mating connect method is brought about when the men genital capsule is irreversibly protruded of male’s muscles, which results in changed positions of your gonostyli, cock valves, and you may gonocoxites.

Brand new mating set of Meters. fasciculata, according to a video clip listing out-of mating regarding a related variety. All the way through: (A) men in flight, seeking to condition in itself along the lady; (B) arranged men, demonstrating sets of ft installing along the woman’s muscles; (C) men enhancing the abdomen of female; (D) male making the female after effective mating, which is, new mating connect accessory. In every parts, men wings is actually portrayed to help you show their movement through the mating, according to Supplementary Clips S1 .

The brand new mating pair of Yards. fasciculata, centered on a video clip list from mating from a connected variety. All the way through: (A) male in-flight, trying to status itself across the female; (B) arranged male, exhibiting pairs off base fitting over the female’s human anatomy; (C) male enhancing the instinct of the females; (D) men making the feminine just after winning mating, that’s, this new mating connect connection. In most parts, male wings is represented so you’re able to depict their path while in the mating, predicated on Supplementary Videos S1 .

According to the review anywhere between asleep state away from vaginal supplements and triggered state regarding mating plugs, its practical morphology, plus video clips facts into mating conclusion away from a closely relevant kinds ( Supplementary Videos S1 ), i advise that leading to away from mating connect takes place in 5 hypothetical strategies ( Figures step three and you will 4):

Immediately after immobilizing the female human anatomy, the male inserts his metasomal sternum S-VIII beneath the females tergum T-VI, training it ( Profile 4C).

Since female vaginal chamber is unwrapped ( Contour 3A), the male gonostyli touches the woman’s vaginal area. Once placement the fresh new sternum S-VIII, a man metasomal sternum S-IX protrudes out from the male’s human anatomy towards the fresh female’s genital chamber along with the genital capsule, because of the an effective telescopic besthookupwebsites.org/tendermeets-review/ way ( Contour 3F). New installation out of male genital supplement for the women vaginal chamber isn’t followed closely by the fresh new gonostyli, and that disperse backward for the techniques, kept outside of the people vaginal chamber ( Contour 3G).