(12) In a number of NENA dialects new preterite out of Class II verbs provides a vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- with no predecessor in the last languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) suggested that the progressive form try regarding the fresh new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he grabbed it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Models having o otherwise you is actually missing outside NENA and have in lot of of your NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and you will Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).

(13) The entire present try marked because of the good prefix throughout NENA except Hertevin plus in Mandaic and in Turoyo. Brand new prefix requires among about three forms: (a) k- into all verbs (cutting-edge to c- inside the Urmi, offered so you can ko- in advance of consonants from inside the Turoyo, as well as in Zakho to be g- prior to a spoken phoneme); (b) k- however, just into a limited class of verbs (which includes voicing consumption and frequently most other change as well); otherwise (c) i- towards the every verbs.

Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal telecommunications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we manage say’, but doqIx-wa-ce ‘we create to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he eats, commonly eat’, but sate ‘he beverages, often, will get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu i-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).

Brand new k- prefix is apparently a success of your prefix qa- away from BT, like in new ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. age ‘stands’. In certain east dialects the fresh new distribution out-of k- has been limited to a small group of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it offers disappeared and you can already been changed of the a different sort of prefix i-, and this probably began since the a diminished style of we[Theta] ‘there is’.

Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes to the fresh new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla weil kIcca ‘I went along to give money to a good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem

(14) New verb ‘give’ are yehav during the BT, and you can yav inside the Syriac. It has been remade in all NENA languages from incorporation of the adopting the l- ‘to’. New essential, that has been hav inside the Syriac and you will BT, is actually hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in most NENA where You will find suggestions, although not when you look at the Turoyo or Mandaic.

(15) Throughout NENA, this new singular essential away from qyama ‘get up’ has lost their latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The brand new plural, although not, retains the fresh yards.

(16) In most NENA, brand new crucial from (i)zala ‘go’ try unusual: Aradhin si (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani au moment ou (Garbell 1965, 285).

(17) Around the NENA, many different words can be used as base having reflexive pronouns like ‘myself’. They are: ruh- inside Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- regarding three easternmost Jewish languages, and gyan- throughout the left languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.

So it qa- matchbox is actually alone a beneficial contraction off qa?

(18) A different preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ that takes the design ta, tla, or tla is actually widespread, regardless if perhaps not common, when you look at the NENA, however found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) concerned cook’ (Rubba, individual telecommunications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga tale ‘no one to started the door so you can him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).