—–. 1989. The Syntax and you can Semantics of Verb Morphology in Modern Aramaic: A great Jewish Dialect out-of Iraqi Kurdistan. American Chinese language Collection, 69. New Retreat: Western Oriental People.

Meehan, Charles, and you can Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The Kid Whoever Tunic Stuck in order to Your: A Folktale throughout the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Knowledge nine:174-203.

Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Tale and you will History into the a pattern out of Lamentations into Ninth off Abdominal on the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho. JSS -62.

—–. 1988. The ebook of Exodus in the Neo-Aramaic about Dialect of your Jewish Neighborhood regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Push.

These types of half a dozen binyanim from Syriac was basically reduced in NENA to help you a couple of first groups, with a 3rd closely allied on next

Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you can Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Words Contact, Creolization, and you can Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you will Los angeles: Univ. off California Drive.

The original class descends from the latest peal, next class on the pael, therefore the third, whoever vocalism uses compared to the second, is derived from the newest afel

Another factor complicating the issue ‘s the differential affects of certain co-territorial dialects. The fresh new dialect differences within this Kurdish are particularly considerable, in order to the perception are going to be tracked a number of the type one of NENA languages. Instance, the latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic from Halabja, including the Kurdish of the city, cannot distinguish a present and upcoming demanding, however, where Kurdish keeps instance an improvement, thus really does Neo-Aramaic. Into the Azerbaijan, Turkish has exerted good influence on the latest Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), and dialects of your own ordinary from Mosul reveal a powerful dictate from Arabic not viewed somewhere else.

Tkhuma (Tx): The text away from descendants away from emigrants from of your own partial-independent ashirets away from southeast Chicken, now citizen over the Khabur Area for the Syria. Data is of Jacobi (1973) and you can my cards.

(5) Syriac had around three very first spoken stems, the latest peal, the new pael, as well as the afel. These types of was in fact extra around three couch potato stems, molded on basic of those from the prefixation out-of e[Theta]-: the new e[Theta]pael, the brand new age[Theta]paal, and ettafal. This situation can be found through the NENA. In the most common NENA languages, verbs tend to stay-in the new verb categories where these people were utilized in before grade of words. Which is, the latest descendant off a great Syriac peal verb is a great NENA Category We verb, and you can a Syriac pael verb is good NENA Category II verb: eg, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ out-of prior to peal, and sadure ‘send’ regarding earlier pael. Although not, in Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and possibly Koy Sanjaq, the course registration has been reorganized and is predictable on the base of the model of brand new base instead of their historic origin. Particularly, when you look at the Azerbaijani the new C stem contains the function CaCoC- to own sound verbs, any kind of the source, and you can CCaC- getting middle-weak verbs: garosen ‘I in the morning pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) am descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).

(11) Several other most extreme invention in the NENA ‘s the third people copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type could possibly get get (Noldeke 1868, 203) out-of we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, however, no copula enjoy it is exterior NENA. The original and you can 2nd person don’t have an l, but in the Jewish Azerbaijani, where the l could have been generalized through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:win ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is situated while in the NENA but for the Halabja, that has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the week from mercy’. None Turoyo neither Mandaic keeps versions parallel so you’re able to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he try here’, harke-zero ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is charming’, basim-na ‘I was charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).

(19) The old Aramaic phrase getting ‘son’, bra within the BT, might have been offered in every NENA except Hertevin of the introduction of diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, individual communication), Zakho brona (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 177). However, one another Turoyo and you can Mandaic possess an epenthetic vowel, however, zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you may Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).

b) In some instances, Hertevin aligns that have Turoyo, contrary to the remainder of NENA. It does not have a CCaCa establish tense (6), has no sodir preterite (12), has no preposition ta (15), and uses ruh to create reflexive pronouns (14).

—–. 1965. The fresh Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect from Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Analysis and Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, series practica step three. New Hague: Mouton.