On the identification of Nero Iulius and his portrait typology (“Adolphseck-Malibu” type), I agree essentially with Klaus Fittschen (1987) 215-17

Kersauson, K. de. Catalogue des portraits romains I: Portraits de la Republique et d’epoque Julio-Claudienne (Musee du Louvre) (Paris 1986).

Pekary, T. Das romische Kaiserbildnis sopra Staat, Kult und Gesellschaft dargestellt anhand der Schriftquellen (Das romische Herrscherbild 3) (Berlin 1985).

Pollini, J. “Man or God: Divine Assimilation and Succedane per the Late Republic and Early Principate,” sopra Between Republic and Colmare: Interpretations of Augustus and His Principate, edd. K.Verso. Raaflaub and M. Toher (Berkeley 1990) 333-63.

Pollini, J. “The Meraviglia Augustea: Ideology, Rhetorical Imagery, and the Creation of per Dynastic Nararive, in Narrative and Event mediante Ancient Art (Cambridge 1993), anche. P.J. Holliday (Cambridge 1993) 258-98.

Pollini, J. From Republic onesto Commuovere: Rhetoric, Religion, and Power mediante the Visual Culture of Ancient Rome (Norman, Okla. 2012).

Richter, G.M.Verso. The Portraits of the http://datingranking.net/it/malaysiancupid-review Greeks I (Ithaca 1965) 109-119; The Portraits of the Greeks (abridged and revised by R.R.R. Smith) (Oxford 1984) 198-204.

Sargent, M.L. and R.H. Therkildsen, “The Technical Investigation of Sculptural Polychromy at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 2009-2010 – An Outline’,” con J.S. Ostergaard, di nuovo., Tracking Colour. The polychromy of Greek and Roman Sculpture mediante the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Preliminary Report 2 (Copenhagen 2010); also online:

Footnotes

See Chapter VIII, “The ‘Insanity’ of Caligula or the ‘Insanity’ of the Jews? Differences con Perception and Religious Beliefs,” per Pollini (2012) 369-411. For the confusion between worshiping the Genius or Numen of the living Princeps (emperor) and worshiping the living person, see also mediante this same sistema Chapter VII, “The Smaller Corte (‘Vicomagistri’) Reliefs and Imperial Julio-Claudian Imperial Altars: Limitations of the Evidence and Problems sopra Interpretation,” 309-68.

See, for example, Wilkinson (2005), especially his excellent concluding chapter (187-94) “Inventing the Mad Emperor, ” and Winterling (2011). For per different point of view, see per this symposium Vasily Rudich’s paper, “On the Reputation of Little-Boots.”

There has been little agreement in the past on the cast of characters on this great cameo. See now especially Megow (1987) 202-207 (cat. A 85) pls. 32.5-10, 33.1-5; Boschung (1989) 64-68; Giard (1998); Giuliani and Schmidt (2010).

The closest parallel for the entire fringe of hair of Caligula’s boyhood portrait is that of his father Germanicus on the Gioiello Augustea: Megow (1987) 8-9, pl. 6.5-6; Pollini (1993) 268. This Meraviglia portrait of Gemanicus is his first known portrait type (“Adoption” type), which dates to 4 CE. The forking of the hair over the center of the forehead is also preciso be found sopra Germanicus’ third portrait type, the so-called “Gabii” type, most likely created at the outset of the Principate of Caligula (here fig. 4). This portrait type of Germanicus was probably intended esatto resemble Tiberius’ last portrait type (durante my opinion, the “Chiaramonti” type (Type VI; here fig. 3), created around 31 CE), and Caligula’ first type (here fig. 12a-b), created in 37 upon his accession as Princeps. For Tiberius’ “Chiaramonti” type, see Pollini (2005) 59, fig. 2, 66-68, pl. 12.3,4. For the identification of Germanicus and his three portrait types, see especially Fittschen (1987) 205-215: cf. Boschung (1993a) 59-61; Rose (1997) 64-65.

Distinguishing the portraiture of Germanicus (15 BCE-19 CE) and that of his two older sons, Gelso Iulius (ca. 6-31 CE) and Drusus Iulius (ca. 7-33 CE), has been particularly difficult and much debated (see also the following note). Cf. Boschung (1993a) 64-65; Rose (1997) 66-67. In my opinion, this type agrees with the portrait of Moro Iulius on the Grand Camee de France (armored figure durante front of Tiberius): See Fittschen (1987) 216-17, fig. 43 (detail). For the Grand Camee, see n. 5 above. Per pronounced hooked nose is one of the characteristics of Nero Iulius’ portrait, which is paired with that of his brother Drusus Iulius on provincial coins of Tiberian date: See especially per ceinture of Aphrodisias: See Stucchi (1987) 54-55, fig. 1d (senior member of the paired images Moro Iulius on left; minimo apprendista Drusus Iulius on right).